What are the battery charging methods?
Storage battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy. It is a rechargeable battery designed to realize recharging through reversible chemical reaction. It usually refers to lead-acid battery, which is one of the batteries and belongs to secondary battery. The working principle of the battery: when charging, the external electric energy is used to regenerate the internal active substances, store the electric energy into chemical energy, and convert the chemical energy into electrical energy output again when discharging, such as the cell phone battery commonly used in life.
The common charging methods of battery are as follows:
(1) Constant current charging
The charging process uses constant current for charging. This charging method is applicable to the battery pack connected in series by most batteries, and the capacity of backward batteries is easy to recover. The disadvantages are that the current is too small at the beginning of charging and too large at the end of charging, the whole charging time is long, there are many gases released, the impact on the plate is large, the energy consumption is high, and the charging efficiency is low. At present, it is rarely used.
(2)Constant voltage current-limiting charging connects a resistor in series between the charging power supply and the battery, which is called current-limiting resistor. When the current is large, the voltage drop on it is also large, thus reducing the charging voltage; When the current is small, the voltage drop acting on the resistor is also small, and the output voltage loss of the charging device is small. This method makes up for the shortcomings of constant voltage charging, and can automatically adjust the charging current so that it does not exceed a certain limit, and the current at the initial stage of charging is limited.
(3) Equalizing charge
For a group of floating charge batteries, although the whole set of batteries are under the same conditions during long-term operation, for some reason,
(4)Constant voltage charging During the charging process, a constant voltage is used for charging. The current at the initial stage of charging is quite large. As the charging proceeds, the current gradually decreases. At the end of charging, only a small amount of current passes through. This method is relatively simple, with small amount of gas released during charging, short charging time, low energy consumption and high charging efficiency. The disadvantage is that at the beginning of charging, if the charging current is large, the battery may be damaged due to overcurrent; If the charging voltage is too low, the charging time will be too long; It is difficult to fully charge the backward battery.
(5) Fast charging
In this method, the current is transmitted to the battery in a pulse manner. With the continuation of charging time, the battery has an instantaneous large current discharge (called negative pulse) to depolarize the electrode.
Fast charging requires special charging equipment to provide pulse current and negative pulse to ensure that no large amount of gas is generated and no heat is generated during charging, so as to shorten the charging time.
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